Category Archives: Linux

FreeBSD10安装开发环境

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1、安装JDK
1.1、Oracle没有为FreeBSD提供JDK环境，自带版本也挺高，那就安装默认的咯

pkg install jdk8

*在windows下编译过，超级大，时间也很久，实在不想编译openjdk了。

1.2、修改/etc/fstab文件，增加下面两行，搞定

# Device	Mountpoint	FStype	Options	Dump	Pass#
/dev/ada0p2	/		ufs	rw	1	1
/dev/ada0p3	none		swap	sw	0	0
fdesc		/dev/fd		fdescfs	rw	0	0
proc		/proc		procfs	rw	0	0

2、自己编译Ruby，当然也可以用pkg安装
2.1、下载并编译源码
ruby-lang.org

./configure --prefix=usr/ruby/ruby_2.2.3
make
make install

2.2、配置环境变量，默认为csh
编辑~/.cshrc

set RUBY_HOME=/usr/ruby/ruby_2.2.3
set path=($RUBY_HOME/bin $path)

重新登录一下。

2.3、切换为国内源

gem sources --add https://ruby.taobao.org/
gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
gem sources -l

2.4、安装gems

$ gem install rails
$ gem install redis

3、自己编译redis，当然也可以用pkg安装
3.1、下载并编译源码
redis.io

pkg install gmake
gmake
gmake PREFIX=/usr/redis/redis_3.0.4 install

3.2、配置环境变量，默认为csh
编辑~/.cshrc

set REDIS_HOME=/usr/redis/redis_3.0.4
set path=($REDIS_HOME/bin $path)

重新登录一下。

4、安装mongodb
4.1、下载并编译源码
mongodb.org

pkg install gcc
pkg install scons
pkg install python
pkg install libexecinfo

scons all
scons --prefix=/usr/mongodb/mongodb_3.0.7 install

*顺便说一下，这个编译后是18G，安装后为1.1G。。。
*如果你用的是3.0.7版本的源码，在FreeBSD下需要打补丁
github.com

4.2、配置环境变量，默认为csh
编辑~/.cshrc

set MONGODB_HOME=/usr/mongodb/mongodb_3.0.7
set path=($MONGODB_HOME/bin $path)

重新登录一下。

Virtualbox安装配置FreeBSD10

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1、新建虚拟机，下载DVD镜像文件，安装虚拟机，整个过程比较简单：分区，选择需要的包，配置网络，配置用户
其中，我的虚拟机网卡配置为：
le0 是hostonly，用于与宿主机、其他虚拟机进行网络通许，要手工设置
le1 是nat，用于蹭网，设置为DHCP就好了

2、安装后重启，发现新用户不能su，将新用户添加到wheel组

#此命令一如既往的强大
bsdconfig

3、然后发现，le1发现可以连外网，但le0配置有些问题，编辑/etc/rc.conf

#network config
hostname="freebsd10"
ifconfig_le0="inet 172.16.172.5 netmask 255.255.0.0"
ifconfig_le1="DHCP"
ip6addrctl_enable="NO"
defaultrouter="10.0.3.2"
#static_routes="net1"
#route_net1="-net 172.16.172.0/16 172.16.172.1"

重启网络，OK。

4、找了一下，VirtualBox自带的扩展插件是没有BSD系统支持的，那就安装开源的呗
首先尝试了bsdconfig进行安装，但系统提示找不到数据库

bsdconfig
#选择Packages
no pkg(8) database found.

4.1A网上找了下，从DVD安装可以这样处理：

mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /dist
env REPOS_DIR=/dist/packages/repos pkg search virtualbox
env REPOS_DIR=/dist/packages/repos pkg install virtualbox-ose-additions

4.1B或者，直接采用网络安装可以这样处理：

pkg install virtualbox-ose-additions

4.2安装后，需要在/etc/rc.conf中增加

vboxguest_enable=“YES”
vboxservice_enable=“YES”

重启

5、安装图形界面
从DVD安装可以这样处理：
5.1A

mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /dist

env REPOS_DIR=/dist/packages/repos pkg search xorg
env REPOS_DIR=/dist/packages/repos pkg install xorg

env REPOS_DIR=/dist/packages/repos pkg search gnome
env REPOS_DIR=/dist/packages/repos pkg install gnome3

5.1B或者，直接采用网络安装可以这样处理：

pkg install xorg
pkg install gnome3

5.2A安装完毕后，如果想重启后直接进入图形界面，需要在/etc/rc.conf中增加

gdm_enable="YES"
gnome_enable="YES"

5.2B如果想重启后进入命令行界面，需要在/etc/rc.conf中增加

dbus_enable="YES"

然后，执行命令

echo exec gnome-session > ~/.xinitrc
startx

6、发现命令行界面分辨率太低
6.1查看系统支持的分辨率

#列出所有支持的分辨率
vidcontrol -i mode
#尝试1024x768x24
vidcontrol MODE_280

6.2在/etc/rc.conf中增加

allscreens_flags="MODE_280"

7、启动后，发现sendmail服务启动耗时很久，反正用不到，编辑/etc/rc.conf文件，禁用之

vi /etc/rc.conf
sendmail_enable="NONE"
sendmail_submit_enable="NO"
sendmail_outbound_enable="NO"
sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO"

8、最终，我的/etc/rc.conf文件如下

#network config
hostname="freebsd10"
ifconfig_le0="inet 172.16.172.5 netmask 255.255.0.0"
ifconfig_le1="DHCP"
ip6addrctl_enable="NO"
defaultrouter="10.0.3.2"
#static_routes="net1"
#route_net1="-net 172.16.172.0/16 172.16.172.1"

#display config
vboxguest_enable="YES"
vboxservice_enable="YES"
allscreens_flags="MODE_280"
#gdm_enable="YES"
#gnome_enable="YES"

#other service config
sshd_enable="YES"
powerd_enable="YES"
moused_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"

#"AUTO" to enable crash dumps, "NO" to disable crash dumps
dumpdev="AUTO"

#disapbled service
zfs_enable="NO"
sendmail_enable="NONE"
sendmail_outbound_enbale="NO"
sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO"
sendmail_submit_enable="NO"

Debian8 Jessie修改Terminal分辨率

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昨天安装了Debian8 Jessie，禁用了gdb以后，发现Terminal分辨率变的超级低。
用以前的方法调整了一下，发现搞不定了，搞了大半天，终于找到了靠谱的方案：

1、修改/etc/default/grub
找到

#GRUB_GFXMODE=XXXXXX

修改该行，并新增一行，最后效果为

GRUB_GFXMODE=1024x768x24
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=1024x768x24

2、修改/etc/grub.d/00_header
找到

if [ "x${GRUB_GFXMODE}" = "x" ] ; then auto ; fi，

修改该行，并新增一行，最后效果为

if [ "x${GRUB_GFXMODE}" = "x" ] ; then GRUB_GFXMODE=1024x768x24 ; fi
if [ "x${GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD}" = "x" ] ; then GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD=1024x768x24 ; fi

3、仍然是etc/grub.d/00_header
找到

set gfxmode=${GRUB_GFXMODE}

在其后新增一行，最后效果为

set gfxmode=${GRUB_GFXMODE}
set gfxpayload=${GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD}

4、更新grub并重启，搞定

update-grub2
reboot

5、感觉Debian8 Jessie的配置改变了好多。。。

CentOS7常见操作

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1、通过CentOS光盘安装软件

#挂载光盘
mount -r /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom

#修改文件，将光盘查找路径定为/media/cdrom
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo

#刷新列表
yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media repolist

#安装vim
yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install vim

#通过命令查找包并安装包
yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media provides ifconfig
yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install net-tools

#卸载包
yum erase 包名

2、rpm安装及卸载软件

#安装
rpm -ivh rpm文件路径

#安装并不进行依赖检查
rpm -ivh --nodeps rpm文件路径

#更新
rpm -Uvh rpm文件路径

#删除
rpm -e 包名

#查看包的用途、版本等信息
rpm -qpi rpm文件路径

#查看包的文件清单
rpm -qpl rpm文件路径

#查看软件包文档位置
rpm -qpd rpm文件路径

#查看软件包的配置文件
rpm -qpc rpm文件路径

#查看软件包依赖关系
rpm -qpR rpm文件路径

3、rpm查看已安装软件包信息

#查看已经安装的软件
rpm -qa
 
#查看一个文件属于哪个软件包
rpm -qf 文件绝对路径

#查看安装软件包都安装到何处；
rpm -ql 包名

#查看包的信息
rpm  -qi 包名

#查看包配置文件
rpm -qc 包名

#查看包文档安装位置
rpm -qd 包名

#查看包的依赖
rpm -qR 包名

4、配置网络为静态地址

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
#修改或新增以下内容
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.16.172.80
NETMASK=255.255.0.0
GATEWAY=172.16.172.2

#重启网络
service network restart

5、防火墙配置

#查看状态
systemctl status firewalld 

#启动
systemctl start firewalld

#关闭
systemctl stop firewalld

#开机启用
systemctl enable firewalld

#开机禁用 
systemctl disable firewalld

Debian默认命令行启动

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由于Debian6和Debian8服务管理方式不同，很多旧方法不再适用于Debian8

1、Debian6之前：修改内核启动参数
1.1、修改文件/etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"

为

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet text"

1.2、然后运行

update-grub

2、Debian8之后：systemctl

#切换为命令行登录
systemctl set-default multi-user.target
#退出GUI
gnome-session-quit

#切换为GUI登录
systemctl set-default graphical

3、Grub禁用图像模式
3.1、修改文件/etc/default/grub

#GRUB_TERMINAL=console

为

GRUB_TERMINAL=console

3.2、然后运行

update-grub

Hadoop Linux Native 编译说明

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首先说明一下，如果要使用Linux Native的话，Hadoop是已经自带了哦

然后，如果要编译的话，建议直接从Hadoop源码按官方的说明进行编译，不要像我这样自己搞。。。

如果你喜欢折腾，请继续看：

1、按源码架构拷贝下面的文件及文件夹

hadoop-2.5.2-src\hadoop-common-project\hadoop-common\src\main\native
hadoop-2.5.2-src\hadoop-common-project\hadoop-common\src\CMakeLists.txt
hadoop-2.5.2-src\hadoop-common-project\hadoop-common\src\config.h.cmake
hadoop-2.5.2-src\hadoop-common-project\hadoop-common\src\JNIFlags.cmake
hadoop-2.5.2-src\hadoop-hdfs-project\hadoop-hdfs\src\main\native
hadoop-2.5.2-src\hadoop-hdfs-project\hadoop-hdfs\src\CMakeLists.txt（可能需要调整一下依赖文件JNIFlags.cmake的相对路径）
hadoop-2.5.2-src\hadoop-hdfs-project\hadoop-hdfs\src\config.h.cmake

2、编译libhadoop
2.1、检查并安装以来关系

#需要gcc、make、jdk，这些一般大家都有了
#需要zlib
apt-get install zlib1g-dev
#需要cmake
apt-get install cmake

2.2、用cmake生成Makefile

cmake ./src/ -DGENERATED_JAVAH=~/Build/hadoop-2.5.2-src/build/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/native/javah -DJVM_ARCH_DATA_MODEL=64 -DREQUIRE_BZIP2=false -DREQUIRE_SNAPPY=false

2.3、用javah生成头文件
需要三个jar包，hadoop-common,hadoop-annotations,guava

javah org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.lz4.Lz4Compressor
javah org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.lz4.Lz4Decompressor
javah org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.zlib.ZlibCompressor
javah org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.zlib.ZlibDecompressor
javah org.apache.hadoop.io.nativeio.NativeIO 
javah org.apache.hadoop.io.nativeio.SharedFileDescriptorFactory
javah org.apache.hadoop.net.unix.DomainSocket
javah org.apache.hadoop.net.unix.DomainSocketWatcher
javah org.apache.hadoop.security.JniBasedUnixGroupsMapping
javah org.apache.hadoop.security.JniBasedUnixNetgroupsMapping
javah org.apache.hadoop.util.NativeCrc32

将生成的文件，拷贝到对应的c文件夹中

2.3、生成

make

3、编译libhdfs
3.1、用cmake生成Makefile

cmake ./src/ -DGENERATED_JAVAH=~/Build/hadoop-2.5.2-src/build/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/native/javah -DJVM_ARCH_DATA_MODEL=64 -DREQUIRE_LIBWEBHDFS=false -DREQUIRE_FUSE=false

3.2、生成

make

4、将生成的文件拷贝到HADOOP_HOME/lib/mynative

5、修改/etc/profile，增加下面一行

export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/mynative"

6、刷新配置

source /etc/profile

搞定！

Linux显示配置xorg.conf文件

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1、生成xorg.conf文件

#如果有必要，停止gdm3
service gdm3 stop
#生成空白文件
Xorg -configure
#移动文件
mv ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
#修改文件，增加需要的分辨率
#如果有必要，开启gdm3
service gdm3 start

2、xorg.conf.new文件

Section "ServerLayout"
	Identifier     "X.org Configured"
	Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
	InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
	InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection

Section "Files"
	ModulePath   "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi"
	FontPath     "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType"
	FontPath     "built-ins"
EndSection

Section "Module"
	Load  "record"
	Load  "glx"
	Load  "extmod"
	Load  "dbe"
	Load  "dri"
	Load  "dri2"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier  "Keyboard0"
	Driver      "kbd"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier  "Mouse0"
	Driver      "mouse"
	Option	    "Protocol" "auto"
	Option	    "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
	Option	    "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
	Identifier   "Monitor0"
	VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
	ModelName    "Monitor Model"
EndSection

Section "Device"
        ### Available Driver options are:-
        ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
        ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz"
        ### [arg]: arg optional
	Identifier  "Card0"
	Driver      "vboxvideo"
	VendorName  "InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH"
	BoardName   "VirtualBox Graphics Adapter"
	BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
	Identifier "Screen0"
	Device     "Card0"
	Monitor    "Monitor0"
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     1
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     4
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     8
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     15
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     16
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     24
	EndSubSection
EndSection

3、新版xorg.conf文件

Section "ServerLayout"
	Identifier     "X.org Configured"
	Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
	InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
	InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection

Section "Files"
	ModulePath   "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi"
	FontPath     "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType"
	FontPath     "built-ins"
EndSection

Section "Module"
	Load  "record"
	Load  "glx"
	Load  "extmod"
	Load  "dbe"
	Load  "dri"
	Load  "dri2"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier  "Keyboard0"
	Driver      "kbd"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier  "Mouse0"
	Driver      "mouse"
	Option	    "Protocol" "auto"
	Option	    "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
	Option	    "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
	Identifier   "Monitor0"
	VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
	ModelName    "Monitor Model"
EndSection

Section "Device"
        ### Available Driver options are:-
        ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
        ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz"
        ### [arg]: arg optional
	Identifier  "Card0"
	Driver      "vboxvideo"
	VendorName  "InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH"
	BoardName   "VirtualBox Graphics Adapter"
	BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
	Identifier "Screen0"
	Device     "Card0"
	Monitor    "Monitor0"
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     1
		Modes	"1280x800" "1024x768" "800x600"
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     4
		Modes	"1280x800" "1024x768" "800x600"
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     8
		Modes	"1280x800" "1024x768" "800x600"
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     15
		Modes	"1280x800" "1024x768" "800x600"
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     16
		Modes	"1280x800" "1024x768" "800x600"
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     24
		Modes	"1280x800" "1024x768" "800x600"
	EndSubSection
EndSection

Debian6 Squeeze修改Terminal分辨率

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试了不少方法，要么参数不支持，要不设置了没有用。

好吧，简单暴力一些。

编辑/boot/grub/grub.cfg，在启动参数前，增加两行：

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
	#第一行>>>>>>set gfxpayload=1024x768x24
	#第二行>>>>>>load_video
	insmod part_msdos
	insmod ext2
	set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
	search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a600ccdc-3768-464b-9b19-29ec051f93e5
	echo	'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 ...'
	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=UUID=a600ccdc-3768-464b-9b19-29ec051f93e5 ro  quiet text
	echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
	initrd	/boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
	set gfxpayload=1024x768
	insmod part_msdos
	insmod ext2
	set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
	search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a600ccdc-3768-464b-9b19-29ec051f93e5
	echo	'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 ...'
	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=UUID=a600ccdc-3768-464b-9b19-29ec051f93e5 ro single 
	echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
	initrd	/boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

修改后为：

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
	set gfxpayload=1024x768x24
	load_video
	insmod part_msdos
	insmod ext2
	set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
	search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a600ccdc-3768-464b-9b19-29ec051f93e5
	echo	'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 ...'
	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=UUID=a600ccdc-3768-464b-9b19-29ec051f93e5 ro  quiet text
	echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
	initrd	/boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64
}
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
	set gfxpayload=1024x768
	insmod part_msdos
	insmod ext2
	set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
	search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a600ccdc-3768-464b-9b19-29ec051f93e5
	echo	'Loading Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 ...'
	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=UUID=a600ccdc-3768-464b-9b19-29ec051f93e5 ro single 
	echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
	initrd	/boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###